You can see the CBS logs for errors here.
Also there’s a duplicate thread here of someone else who had problems installing Cumulative Updates and upgrading from 23H2 to 24H2
The thread said the firewall is blocking Windows Update on newer windows versions.
I’ve also often received the 0x80070005 error as well!
However for me specifically, I’m trying to upgrade from 23H2 to 24H2