I have comodo dragon version 25.2.0.0. On the ‘Link Removed by Moderator’ images are not displayed well in incognito mode. In google chrome this page displays the image.
I have adblock installed and Ghostery. And when it uninstalls a page does not display images.
Comodo dragon version is installed on Windows 7 x64.
I would add that the problem appeared in earlier versions of comodo dragon but only now are reported.
Mod edit: Please do not post adult content or links to adult content as this is against the Forum Policy sect 8.6, thanks from Captainsticks.