2. Privacy Badger 1.0+ blocks fingerprinting by third parties, when it detects that it is used to track you (same as for cookies). See https://github.com/EFForg/privacybadger/blob/master/doc/DESIGN-AND-ROADMAP.md#fingerprinting-detection
There must be some extensions (or browsers) that block this directly.
Do you mean block the site you visit from “fingerprinting” you? To begin with, I’m not sure that is always a good idea. Sites may make good use of the information, to give you the best possible version of the webpage etc. To disable JavaScript seems to be a way to block it, but it is also a way to brake most of the web.